Meine lieben Studenten!
Vielen Dank fuer die Antworten.
Much gratitude for the answers.
Wahrscheinlich wollen viele noch weitere Lektionen bekommen.
Apparently want many still futher lessons to receive.
Also studieren wir jetzt den dritten Artikel des apostolischen Glaubens.
Therefore let us study now the third article of the apostolic faith/creed.
Der dritte Artikel
The third Article
Von der Heiligung
Of sanctification
von -- of -- in this case, "about" -- preposition taking the dative case.
der -- the -- dative singular feminine of the definite article.
Note: different languages use the definite article "the" differently. It is not always correct to use it or to omit it in both languages. It is a matter of style in many cases. It is a matter of "Sprachgefuehl," a feeling for language, to know when to use it and when to omit it in a given language. DON'T WORRY (be happy) -- it's no biggie. Russian has no definite article at all -- but a Russian who learns English can usually communicate quite clearly even if he never uses "the" at all. If you don't believe that, just pick up a newspaper and read a paragraph aloud omitting every occurrence of "the" -- for that matter, you can also omit the indefinite article ("a" or "an") at the same time. It will make no difference in the vase majority of instances.
die Heiligung -- sanctification -- gerund (noun made from a verb).
Note: das Heil is health or wholesomeness or holiness. It can be used in various ways. The adjective is "heilig" and is used very much the same as we use "holy." Holiness would be "die Heiligkeit." The verb is "heiligen," which means "to sanctify" or "to hallow." Hopefully you will perceive without my saying it that "hallow" and "heiligen" are cognates. "Hallow" is the old Anglo-Saxon derivative -- while "sanctify" comes from Latin. "Hallow" and "sanctify" mean very much the same. We're used to "hallow" in the Our Father: "Hallowed be Thy name" is "Geheiliget werde dein Name."
Ich glaube an den Heiligen Geist,
I believe in the Holy Ghost/Spirit,
eine heilige christilich Kirche,
one holy Christian church,
die Gemeinde der Heiligen,
the communion of the saints,
Vergebung der Suenden,
[the] forgiveness of the sins
Auferstehung des Fleisches,
[the] resurrection of the flesh,
und ein ewiges Leben. Amen.
and an eternal life. Amen.
Ich glaube an den Heiligen Geist.
I believe in the Holy Spirit.
an -- on, in -- preposition -- taking the accusative case in this instance.
den -- the -- accusative masculine singular
Heiligen Geist -- Holy Spirit -- proper name.
Heiligen -- Holy -- the adjective in this family of words (see note above).
der Geist -- Spirit -- cognate to "Ghost."
Note: In moder German, "Geist" is often used in the sense of "mind," especially by philosophers. But in the Bible and older theological writings, it should be understood as "spirit."
Note: English is a Germanic language in grammar (note the use of helping verbs). But in vocabulary it is a mixture of Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) and Romance (Latin, Norman French) words, with some Celtic, Scandinavian, and other foreign words thrown in for good measure. That relates to the political and military history of the British Isles -- a very interesting story, but we don't have time to go into it here. But that is why we have double words for so many things -- why we get pork from swine and beef from cattle -- why we have "ghost" and "spirit," "hallow" and "sanctify."
eine heilige christliche Kirche
one holy Christian church
eine -- one -- same as the indefinite article "a" or "an" (which comes from "one).
Note: In German it is hard to distiinguish when "ein" means "one" and when it means "a" or "an." In speaking, it can be stressed by the voice to make it mean "one." In writing, modern German printers add spacing between the letters to emphasize it as "one." So in modern German, if you read "ein" ("eine," "einem," etc.), you should think of "a" or "an." But if you read "e i n" ("e i n e," etc.), you should think "one."
heilige -- holy -- see above -- cognate -- feminine singular accusative -- still after the preposition "an."
christiliche -- Christian -- cognate -- German does not capitalize proper adjectives (christlich, deutsch, amerikanisch, etc.).
die Kirche -- church -- feminine noun -- cognates, both from Greek, kyriakos, pertaining to the Lord.,
die Gemeinde der Heiligen.
the communion of the saints.
die -- the -- feminine neuter accusative. -- still following "an"
die Gemeinde -- congregation/communion -- from the adjective "gemein" "common."
Note: Luther preferred "Gemeinde" to translate "ekklesia." He NEVER uses "Kirche" in his NT translation except in John 10:22 where he calls Hanukkah "Kirchweihfest," festival of church dedication. Using the same word for congregation and communion of saints makes it clear that even the local church is made up exclusively of believers in Christ, not hypocrites (even if such are on the rolls).
Note: In older German, "Gemeinde" is sometimes written "Gemeine" (without the "d"). Same difference. DON'T WORRY (be happy).
der -- of the -- plural genitive.
Heiligen -- saints/holy ones. The adjective "heilig" "holy" used as a noun (and therefore capitalized).
Vergebung der Suenden
die Vergebung -- forgiveness -- feminine noun -- from "vergeben" "to forgive" cognates.
der -- of the -- plural genitive
die Suende -- sin -- cognate; theologically equivalent. "Suenden" plural.
Auferstehung des Fleisches
resurrection of the flesh.
die Aufterstehung -- resurrection -- from the verb "auferstehen" "to rise [from the dead]".
Note: "aufstehen" is "to stand up." "Auferstehen" is sort of intensified. It is the technical term for rising from the dead.
des -- of the -- masculine singular genitive
das Fleisch -- flesh -- cognate -- "Fleisches" genitive -- of the
Note: In modern German, das Fleisch tends to refer to meat -- so Schweinfleisch is pork. Biblically and theologically, "Fleisch" is used as the translation of "sarx" and the equivalent of the English "flesh."
und ein ewiges Leben. Amen.
and an eternal life. Amen.
ein -- a, an -- neuter singular accusative.
ewiges -- eternal, everlasting. "Ewig" is the dictionary form. "Es" is an ending.
das Leben -- life -- cognates.
Was ist das? -- Antwort
What is that? -- Answer
Ich glaube, dass ich nicht
I believe that I not
aus eigener Vernunft noch Kraft
out of [my] own reason nor power
an JEsum Christum, meinen HErrn,
in Jesus Christ, my Lord,
glauben oder zu ihm kommen kann;
believe or to Him come can.
sondern der Heilige Geist hat mich
rather the Holy Ghost has me
durchs Evangelium berufen,
through the Gospel called
mit seinen Gaben erleutchtet,
with His gifts enlightened,
im rechten Glauben geheiligt und erhalten;
in the correct faith sanctified and presreved
gliechwie er die ganze Christenheit auf Erden
just as he the whole Christendom on earth
beruft, sammelt, erleuchtet, heiligt
calls, gathers, enlighten, sanctifies
und bei JEsu Christo erhaelt im rechten, einigen Glauben;
and with Jesus Christ preserves in the correct, only faith
in welcher Christenheit er mir und allen Glaeubigen
in which Christendom He to me and to all believers
taeglich alle Suenden reichlich vergibt
daily all sins richly forgives
und am Juengsten Tage mich und alle Toten
and on the Last Day me and all dead ones
auferwecken wird und mir samt all Glaeubigen in Christo
awaken will and to me with all believers in Christ
ein ewiges Leben geben wird.
an eternal life give will.
Das ist gewisslich wahr.
That is certainly true.
Ich glaube, dass ich nicht aus eigenener Vernunft
I believe that I not ouf of [my] own reason
dass -- that -- conjunction -- main verb comes at end of clause.
aus -- out of -- cognate -- preposition taking the dative case.
eigener -- own -- cognate -- feminine singulat dative
Note: It is not necessary in German to use "my" here -- it is understood. Germans think that we overuse "my" "your" "his" etc.
die Vernunft -- reason -- feminine noun.
noch -- nor
die Kraft -- power
an JEsum Christum, meinen HErrn.
in Jesus Christ, my Lord
an -- on, in -- cognate to "on" -- prepostion taking the accusative case after "glauben"JEsum Christum -- Latin accusative forms -- German declines these words as in Latin.
meinen -- my -- masculine singular accusative
HErrn -- Lord -- der Herr is the nominative form -- here used in the accusative.
Note: Remember that the extra capitals in JEsum and HErrn refer to "LORD," YHWH.
glauben oder zu ihm kommen kann
believe or to Him come can.
zu -- to -- cognate -- preposition taking the dative case.
ihm -- him -- dative -- cognate forms.
kann -- from koennen -- helping verb (modal auxiliary). In this dependent clause, the verbs all cluster at the end, with "kann," bearing the personal ending or lack thereof at the very end.
sondern der Heilige Geist hat mich
rather the Holy Spirit has me
mich -- me -- accusative -- direct object.
durchs Evangelium berufen
through the Gospel called.
durchs is a contraction of durch das -- through the. Durch is cognate to "through" and has very much the same meaning (nothing is totally the same between two languages).
das Evangelium -- the Gospel -- the Greek word in its Latin form.
berufen -- called -- past participle of berufen (yes, the same). Note that the past participle, completing the verbal thought, comes at the end of the clause -- it goes with "hat" which was earlier on.
mit seinen Gaben erleuchtet
with His gifts enlightened
mit -- with -- preposition taking the dative case
seinen -- his -- dative plural (all native German dative plurals end in "n").
Gaben -- gifts -- plural -- die Gabe -- the gift -- from geben, give -- cognates.
Note: Watch out for the "false friend" with his "das Gift" in German -- it means "poison," which may indeed be a gift but an unwelcome one.
erleuchtet -- enlightened -- past participle of erleuchten -- still following "hat". You can see that these words are cognates -- just different vowels. The noun is "das Licht."
im rechten Glauben geheiligt und erhalten
in the correct faith hallowed and preserved
im -- in the -- contraction of "in dem." "Dem" is masculine singular dative as "Glaube" is a masculine noun.
der Glaube -- faith
geheiligt -- hallowed/sanctified -- past participle of "heiligen."
erhalten -- preserved -- past participle of "erhalten." Cognate to "hold."
gleichwie er die ganze Christenheit auf Erden
just as He the whole Christendom on earth
gleichwie -- just/like as -- conjunction -- verb at end of clause.
Note: "Gleich" is cognate to "like." "Wie" is "as" or "how." German loves compound words.
die -- the -- feminine singular accusative
ganze -- ganz -- whole -- adjective
die Christienheit -- "Christendom," a collective noun.
auf -- on -- preposition taking the dative case
Erden -- die Erde -- earth -- unusually, this feminine noun adds an "n" in cases other than the nominative.
beruft, sammelt, erleuchtet, heiligt
calls, gathers, enlightens, hallows
String of verbs in third person singular, present tense, indicative.
sammelt is from sammeln -- to gather.
und bei JEsu Christo erhaelt im rechten, einigen Glauben
and with Jesus Christ preserves in the correct, only faith.
bei -- by, with, at -- preposition taking the dative case.
Note: "Bei" is cognate to "by," but it is rare that it is correct to translate it that way. Preposition must generally be studied in detail -- their use is usually idiomatic, peculiar to each language. "Bei" is used like "chez" in French -- "bei uns" equals "chez nous" -- "with us" -- meaning "at our home." In this case, it is probably best translated "with."
JEsu Christo -- Latin datives.
erhaelt -- preserves -- third person singular, present indicative -- erhalten, to keep or preserve -- cognate to "hold."
in welcher Christenheit
in which Christendom
welch -- which -- relative pronoun. The "er" is the feminine singular dative.
er mir und allen Glaeubigen
He to me and to all believers.
mir -- me -- dative case -- translate with "to" -- or simply as indirect object.
allen -- all -- dative plural.
Glaeubigen -- dative plural -- believers -- from the adjective "glaeubig" -- believing (pistos). Used here as a noun and so capitalized.
taeglich alle Suenden reichlich vergibt
daily all sins richly forgives
taeglich -- daily -- from "der Tag" "day. Adverb.
alle -- all -- accusative plural, direct object.
reichlich -- richly, abundantly. "Reich" and "rich" are cognates.
vergibt -- forgives -- cognate -- from vergeben -- third person singular present indicative.
und am Juengsten Tage
and on the Last Day
am -- on the -- contraction of "an dem."
Juengsten -- youngest -- superlative of jung, young -- cognates.
Tage -- day -- der Tag -- add the "e" in dative singular (seldom done today).
Note: Why is the Last Day (capitalized as a proper noun) called the
Youngest Day in German? One could simply say: "That's just the way they say it in German." I don't know the exact origin, but I know that this is the typical theological term for the Last Day -- as "das juengste Gericht" means "the last/youngest judgment." I can only suggest that, as in the family, the last to come along is the youngest.
mich und alle Toten auferwecken wird
me and all dead ones awaken will
mich -- me -- accusative -- direct object.
alle -- all -- accusative plura.
Toten -- dead ones -- from "tot" "dead" -- adjective used as noun -- so capitalized.
auferwecken -- awaken.
wird -- will -- from werden -- third person singular present indicative.
Note: "werden" and its forms are used as helping verbs to form the future.
und mir samt allen Glaeubigen in Christo
and to me with all believers in Christ
mir -- me -- dative case -- indirect object.
samt -- with -- archaic preposition (not used in modern German) taking dative case.
allen -- all -- dative plural.
Glaeubigen -- believers -- dative plural -- see above.
in Christo -- note Latin dative form.
ein ewiges Leben geben wird.
an eternal life give will
Das ist gewisslich wahr.
That is certainly true.
These things are explained above. I am gradually cutting down on the repetition.
Hier endet die achte Lektion.
Here endeth the eighth lesson.
Christo befohlen!
John M. "Herr Professor Pastor Doktor" Drueckhammer, Lakeview, Oregon
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